- Emerging evidence is refining an understanding of the role of the splanchnic circulation and the abdominal compartment in heart failure. The abdominal organs and splanchnic circulation appear to play an active role in volume distribution and renal filtration, thereby affecting balance between a compensated and a decompensated state. The understanding of the homeostatic role of the abdominal compartment in the compensated state and the maladaptive role in the decompensated state is evolving and may provide targets for new therapies and better application of available treatment strategies in the future.
- 2017 focused update to ACC/AHA/HFSA practice guidelines for management of heart failure delineate further considerations for pharmacologic therapy and interventions.
Latest Updates
Risk Factors and Epidemiology of Pulmonary Embolism
- Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, pulmonary embolism accounts for nearly 1% of all cardiovascular-related deaths in the United States annually.
- Pulmonary embolism is no longer considered an isolated event that requires short-term therapy but rather a chronic illness with long-term implications for patients.
- 2020 ASH and 2019 ESC/ERS practice guidelines for pulmonary embolism delineate the most recent diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Risk Factors and Epidemiology of Pulmonary Embolism
- Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, pulmonary embolism accounts for nearly 1% of all cardiovascular-related deaths in the United States annually.
- Pulmonary embolism is no longer considered an isolated event that requires short-term therapy but rather a chronic illness with long-term implications for patients.
- 2020 ASH and 2019 ESC/ERS practice guidelines for pulmonary embolism delineate the most recent diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
- TAVR has emerged as a less invasive modality for valve replacement with similar results, employed in certain scenarios.
- 2017 AHA/ACC practice guideline updates on AVR indications.
- 2017 ESC/EACTS practice guideline updates on indications for AVR and TAVR, differentiating scenarios where each modality is most applicable.
- TAVR has emerged as a less invasive modality for valve replacement with similar results, employed in certain scenarios.
- 2017 AHA/ACC practice guideline updates on AVR indications.
- 2017 ESC/EACTS practice guideline updates on indications for AVR and TAVR, differentiating scenarios where each modality is most applicable.
Metabolic Response to Critical Illness - Part 2
- Use of growth hormone for manipulation of metabolic response and muscle characteristics. This in combination with early physical therapy/exercise aids in preservation.
- Anti-cytokine antibodies for partial attenuation of metabolic response. These approaches have elucidated the complexity of mechanisms leading to the metabolic response of critically ill patients.
- Relatively recent adoption of the important role of the gut in metabolic response. This includes production of mediators and functioning as a barrier to bacteria which dramatically affect severity of metabolic response.
- Dyslipidemias are clinically important, principally because of their contribution to atherogenesis.
- Pancreatitis and fatty liver disease are less common but clinically significant manifestations of lipid disorders.
- Most recent practice guidelines for dyslipidemia diagnosis and management include the 2019 AAFP summary of the 2018 AHA/ACC practice guidelines, as well as the 2020 Veterans Health Administration guidelines.
- Dyslipidemias are clinically important, principally because of their contribution to atherogenesis.
- Pancreatitis and fatty liver disease are less common but clinically significant manifestations of lipid disorders.
- Most recent practice guidelines for dyslipidemia diagnosis and management include the 2019 AAFP summary of the 2018 AHA/ACC practice guidelines, as well as the 2020 Veterans Health Administration guidelines.
