Latest Updates

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Modalities and Exercise

Steven Calvino, MD, David Fealey, MD, Jacob LaSalle, MD
    • Kinesio taping in treatment of musculoskeletal injury
    • Cryotherapy and delayed-onset muscle soreness following rigorous exercise activities
    • Most recent recommendations from the American College of Sports Medicine for physical activity

Conservative Management of Acute Kidney Injury

Rolando Claure-Del Granado, MD, FASN, Etienne Macedo, MD, PhD, Ravindra L. Mehta, MD, FASN
    • Approaches to breast augmentation in the male-to-female transgender patient require special attention outside of conventional breast augmentations.
    • Understanding the differences in the nipple-areola complex (NAC) between females and males when undertaking gender-confirming breast augmentations
    • Special consideration is needed for the clitoral and urethral anatomy in gender-confirming vaginoplasty.
    • Postoperative care and complications in gender-confirming vaginoplasty require close follow-up and consideration. 

Musculoskeletal Problems In The ­Female Athlete

Irfan M Asif, MD, Kimberly Harmon, MD, Mallory Shasteen, MD
    • Operative treatment is not as successful for atraumatic shoulder instability as it is for traumatic instability. Treatment should start with a supervised exercise regimen.
    • Prevention programs, including neuromuscular and proprioceptive interventions, reduce ACL injuries by 50.7%.
    • There is a lack of evidence to show that knee orthoses reduce knee pain or improve function in individuals undergoing exercise programs for patellofemoral pain.

Thoracic Injuries and Management Options

Michal Radomski, MD, Babak Sarani, MD, FACS, FCCM
    • Treatment of rib fractures is centered on pain control. Multimodality treatment utilizing non-narcotic medications is optimal.
    • Operative fixation of flail chest is associated with decreased respiratory failure, pneumonia, pain.
    • Patients with type III or IV blunt aortic injury require repair, preferably using an endovascular approach.
    • Most esophageal injuries require open repair. Time to repair is directly associated with mortality. Stenting has little role in repair.

Neurobiology of Mood Disorders

Eric Hollander, MD, Vera Nezgovorova, MD, Danya Schlussel, MS, Genoveva Uzunova, MD, PhD
    • Clinical characteristics determine differences in the neuroanatomy and neurobiology of mood disorders.
    • Mood disorders have neurobiological circuitry in the prefrontal cortical, limbic, and brain reward systems.  
    • Synaptic plasticity changes are important in the neurobiology of mood disorders.
    • Neurochemical substrates of mood disorders are glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, endocannabinoids, cortisol, and immune system molecules.
    • Mood disorders have a significant genetic basis, which is more pronounced for bipolar disorder.
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation represents a paradigm shift in the understanding and treatment of mood disorders.

Neurobiology of Mood Disorders

Eric Hollander, MD, Vera Nezgovorova, MD, Danya Schlussel, MS, Genoveva Uzunova, MD, PhD
    • Clinical characteristics determine differences in the neuroanatomy and neurobiology of mood disorders.
    • Mood disorders have neurobiological circuitry in the prefrontal cortical, limbic, and brain reward systems.  
    • Synaptic plasticity changes are important in the neurobiology of mood disorders.
    • Neurochemical substrates of mood disorders are glutamate, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, endocannabinoids, cortisol, and immune system molecules.
    • Mood disorders have a significant genetic basis, which is more pronounced for bipolar disorder.
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation represents a paradigm shift in the understanding and treatment of mood disorders.

Management of Depression, Part 2: Treatment Options

Michael Banov, MD
    • Evidence that medications targeting 5-HT1A receptors may offer advantages over older medications
    • Enhanced understanding of treatment of nonresponders
    • Management of antidepressant side effects

Management of Depression, Part 1: Identification and Diagnosis

Michael Banov, MD
    • Updated depression criteria (DSM-5 vs ICD-10)
    • Enhanced understanding of neuroimaging in depression
    • Unipolar vs bipolar depression
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