Latest Updates

Pediatric Abdominal Emergencies

Jeffrey Bullard-Berent, MD, FAAP, FACEP, Aaron Kornblith, MD
    • Pediatric surgical emergencies occur at characteristic ages, and emergency physicians need to be aware of this on presentation.
    • Diagnosis of incarcerated inguinal hernia is a clinical diagnosis.
    • Ultrasonography is the initial imaging modality of choice for midgut volvulus, pyloric stenosis, intussusception, and appendicitis.
    • Hydrostatic and pneumatic enema is the therapeutic method of choice for reduction of ileocolic intussusception.
    • In children with suspected appendicitis, the application of a staged algorithm, including a scoring system and ultrasonography, can improve test characteristics.

Pediatric Upper Airway Obstruction

Michael W. Chan, MD, Suzanne M. Schmidt, MD
    • Evidence that imaging (radiographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) should be reserved for selected patients
    • Evidence that procedural intervention may not always be required in cases of peritonsillar and retropharyngeal abscesses
    • Enhanced understanding of epiglottitis pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Pediatric Upper Airway Obstruction

Michael W. Chan, MD, Suzanne M. Schmidt, MD
    • Evidence that imaging (radiographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) should be reserved for selected patients
    • Evidence that procedural intervention may not always be required in cases of peritonsillar and retropharyngeal abscesses
    • Enhanced understanding of epiglottitis pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Nonsurgical Management Options for Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Review of the Current Evidence

Nathan Kow, MD
    • Despite any recent advances in pessaries, they remain the first-line therapy for pelvic organ prolapse.
    • Most available studies regarding pessaries demonstrate ease of fitting, with favorable short-term and long-term outcomes.
    • Recent randomized controlled trials have shown conflicting results regarding efficacy of pelvic floor muscle therapy

Fiber and Nutritional Health

Joanne L Slavin, PhD, RD
    • Dietary fiber intake is a nutrient of concern, with intakes less than half of recommended amounts.
    • Oats, barley, and psyllium have approved health claims in the United States for their ability to lower blood lipids.
    • Recommended dietary fiber intakes are based on prospective studies and the relationship of fiber intakes to reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease.
    • Foods high in dietary fiber, grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes should be increased in the diet to improve fiber intakes.
    • Fiber supplements should be recommended on a case-by-case basis as there is wide variation in a patient’s response to additional fiber.

Solitary Fibrous Tumors

Shefali Chopra, MD, James S Hu, MD, Gino K In, MD, Lawrence R Menendez, MD, Dakshesh Patel, MD, Omar Ragab, MD, Stephen F Sener, MD, William W Tseng, MD
    • Identification of the NAB2-STAT6 fusion as a key genetic aberration in SFTs
    • Recognition of subsets of SFTs with more aggressive clinical behavior
    • Development of a simple risk assessment model

Solitary Fibrous Tumors

Shefali Chopra, MD, James S Hu, MD, Gino K In, MD, Lawrence R Menendez, MD, Dakshesh Patel, MD, Omar Ragab, MD, Stephen F Sener, MD, William W Tseng, MD
    • Identification of the NAB2-STAT6 fusion as a key genetic aberration in SFTs
    • Recognition of subsets of SFTs with more aggressive clinical behavior
    • Development of a simple risk assessment model

Infertility Treatment: Ovulation Induction and Insemination

Alan H. DeCherney, MD, Quinton Katler, MD, Jessica R Zolton, DO
    • PCOS Letrozole is considered as the first-line treatment for ovulation induction for patients with PCOS.
    • Luteal support: Luteal progesterone support is beneficial to patients undergoing gonadotropin stimulation and intrauterine insemination
    • Unexplained Infertility: Gonadotropin treatment is associated with a significantly elevated risk of multiple gestations gestations
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