Latest Updates

Nerve Sheath Tumors: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, Schwannomas, and Neurofibromas

    • Oncogenic signatures responsible for the transformation MPNST include activation of the STAT3/HIF, catenin/Wnt and RHO/ROCK pathways.
    • MPNSTs often harbor recurrent inactivation of polycomb repressive complex 2 from somatic mutation of EED and/or SUZ12.
    • Genetic analysis revealed germline mutations in SMARCB1 in approximately 50% of individuals affected by familial schwannomatosis.
    • Germline mutations in LZTR1 were identified in about 80% of schwannomatosis cases lacking mutations in SMARCB1.

Back Pain and Common Musculoskeletal Problems

    • 2018 AAFP Key Recommendations for Heel Pain
    • 2017 AAFP Practice Guidelines – Low Back Pain: Noninvasive Management
    • 2015 AAFP Key Recommendations for Corticosteroid Injections – Common Musculoskeletal Conditions

Trauma to the Thoracic Aorta

    • BTAI is now the gold standard n treating patients with these problems
    • The grade of injury with these lesions has been defined and there is controversy on which lesion should be treated and how emergently
    • Recently in the US a device changed its IFU because of complications after TEVAR for BTAI. It was being used outside its IFU.
    • Recent advancement on sizing and device differences between BTAI and other pathologies treated with TEVAR

Non-melanoma Skin

    Biliary Tumors

      Trauma to the Thoracic Aorta

        • BTAI is now the gold standard n treating patients with these problems
        • The grade of injury with these lesions has been defined and there is controversy on which lesion should be treated and how emergently
        • Recently in the US a device changed its IFU because of complications after TEVAR for BTAI. It was being used outside its IFU.
        • Recent advancement on sizing and device differences between BTAI and other pathologies treated with TEVAR

      Cardiovascular Drugs

        • Pulmonary hypertension can be treated with single or combination therapy employing calcium channel blockers, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, guanylate cyclase stimulators, endothelin receptor antagonists, and prostanoids.
        • Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer used to treat cardiogenic shock and right heart failure.
        • Clevidipine is an ultra-rapid acting calcium channel blocker used for perioperative hypertension management in cardiovascular and vascular diseases, neurosurgery, and surgery for pheochromocytoma.

      Evaluation and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity

        • 2017 Pediatric Obesity-Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practive Guideline
        • 2017 NASPGHAN clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children: recommendations from the Expert Committee on NAFLD (ECON) and the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN)
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